> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://whitepaper.usegpu.app/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://whitepaper.usegpu.app/mining/epochs-and-rewards.md).

# Epochs & Rewards

Understand epoch-based reward accounting, proportional pool distribution, and the relationship between trading volume and miner payouts.

An Epoch is 30 minutes.

For an Epoch, the Mining Pool equals the Creator Fee revenue allocated to the Mining Pool during that Epoch.

$$
\text{Miner Payout} =
\left(\frac{\text{Miner Mining Power}}{\text{Total Mining Power}}\right)
\times \text{Mining Pool}
$$

The Epoch calculation follows this sequence:

1. Creator Fee revenue enters the Mining Pool.
2. The Epoch accounts for the relevant pool amount.
3. Each miner's Mining Power is measured against Total Mining Power.
4. Each miner receives the corresponding proportional share.

### Worked volume example

This source-defined example assumes daily trading volume of $50,000.

$$
$50{,}000 \times 0.30% = $150\text{/day Creator Fee}
$$

$$
$150 \times 35% = $52.50\text{/day Mining Pool allocation}
$$

$$
24\text{ hours} \times 60 / 30 = 48\text{ Epochs per day}
$$

$$
$52.50 / 48 \approx $1.09\text{ per Epoch}
$$

The 35% Mining Pool allocation is equivalent to 0.105% of trading volume only when derived from the 0.30% Creator Fee:

$$
0.30% \times 35% = 0.105%
$$

This is not an on-chain tax. The token has a 0% on-chain tax.

### Mining-power share example

The source gives a participant example with 1% of total supply and 10% of that holding locked:

$$
1% \times 10% = 0.10%\text{ of total supply locked}
$$

Under the stated example, this position receives 10% of the Mining Pool because it represents 10% of Total Mining Power. Token ownership alone does not determine a Mining Pool share.

### Variable rewards

Higher trading volume produces higher Creator Fee revenue and can produce a larger Mining Pool. Lower trading volume produces lower Creator Fee revenue and a smaller Mining Pool.

Rewards are variable. The source defines no fixed reward rate or fixed APY.

### Keeper reward

The keeper reward is 0.05% of the pool per Epoch advance. The source does not define further deduction, distribution, or implementation mechanics.


---

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